What are Bunions?

A bunion occurs when big toe moves out of alignment and is redirected to point toward the second toe, causing a bump on the edge of the toe.  Also known as Hallux Valgus, bunions are more serious than just a bump. When a bunion occurs, it indicates that the bony framework of the front part of the foot is out of alignment.  The big toe leans toward the second toe, rather than pointing straight ahead, throwing the bones out of alignment, and producing the visible bump.

Bunions are a progressive disorder.  They begin with a leaning of the big toe, but gradually, the angle of the bones continues to change and the bump becomes increasingly more prominent. 

Bunions are hereditary and are most often caused by incorrect foot structure. Family members with similar foot types may be prone to developing bunions.  Although wearing too tight shoes won't cause bunions to develop, they can make the condition get progressively worse, causing symptoms to occur sooner. 

What are the symptoms of Bunions?

Bunions exhibit several different visible symptoms including:

• Red, calloused skin along the inside edge of the big toe
• A bony bump at this site
• Pain over the joint, aggravated by pressure from shoes
• Big toe turned toward the other toes

How are bunions treated?
The pain of bunions can often be relieved by resting the foot and avoiding activities such as excessive walking. Wearing looser shoes can also relieve bunion pain and swapping high-heeled shoes for lower styles or walking shoes will reduce pressure on the problem area. Over-the-counter medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen are often effective in relieving inflammation as well as pain.  Applying a cold pack and custom insoles can be helpful as well. For more severe pain and inflammation, cortisone injections can provide relief. 

Bunions that cause chronic pain may require surgery. Surgery can correct deformities in the foot, relieving pain and restoring normal function. Typically surgery focuses on removing the bony growth of the bunion and realigning the big toe. The use of proper footwear and custom orthotic after the surgery is often necessary to ensure the best long-term results.